Heat a large skillet over medium heat. Add the ground beef, diced onion, and minced garlic. Cook for 5 to 7 minutes until the beef is browned and the onion is soft. Drain excess fat.
Stir in chili powder, cumin, salt, and black pepper into the beef mixture. Add the rinsed black beans and half of the red enchilada sauce. Mix well and remove from heat.
Spread a thin layer of the remaining enchilada sauce on the bottom of a 9x13-inch baking dish. Spoon about 1/4 cup of the beef mixture onto each tortilla, sprinkle with cheese, roll tightly, and place seam-side down in the dish.
Pour the remaining enchilada sauce over the top and sprinkle with the rest of the cheese. Cover with aluminum foil and bake at 375°F for 20 minutes. Remove foil and bake for an additional 10 minutes until cheese is bubbly and golden.
Let the enchiladas cool for a few minutes before serving.